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The reading of the Word of God in public worship is part of the authority of the church. This authority belongs rightfully to those who have been called to the offices of minister & elder. This is why the Scripture always tells us that men who had been ordained were the ones who read the Scriptures in the corporate assembly. Look at Ezra, Moses, Timothy. They all were invested with the authority of God as shepherds in the church. They took upon themselves the duty of executing that office by reading the word when the people of God assembled for worship.
On the first day of every week, each of you is to put something aside and store it up, as he may prosper, so that there will be no collecting when I come. 1 Corinthians 16:2 In our last post we said that the resurrection of Christ was so monumental that it altered the Christian calendar. No longer was the seventh day mandated as the day to observe as the Sabbath. This specific day was temporary and has passed with the coming of Christ. On the basis of this some in our day would say that we can now freely choose whichever day we want to be the day of rest and worship. They say that God has not mandated any one specific day, but simply that the principle of sabbath rest ought to be upheld at some point. This view has had some significant proponents. Indeed, this has been said to be John Calvin's view. But one ought to wonder why God would be so very specific about which day we were to observe in the Old Testament and allow so much freedom in the New Testament. It would seem that God's specification would have some "carry over" between the testaments. We may also ask why the church came to a universal agreement so very early on that Sunday ought to be the day which the church would designate as its day of rest and worship. One would expect that if it were left to conscience or convenience that the church would have a variety of days it recognizes as the Christian Sabbath. When the text of Scripture is analyzed we can see that the Lord does leave us some divine guidance regarding the specific day. The first regards the day Christ rose from the dead. Again, this was the monumental event of redemptive history, save Christ's second advent. The subsequent appearance of Christ is also significant in this regard. John 20:26 records how Jesus appeared to the disciples a second time after his resurrection. On the day of his resurrection, Thomas was missing from the gathering of the disciples. His disbelief is renowned as he said, "Unless I see the wounds and put my hand in the holes, I will not believe." The text records that eight days after the original appearance Christ revealed himself again to the disciples, for the benefit of Thomas. The eighth day would have again been Sunday, the first day of the week. That Christ chose to reveal himself on this particular day seems to indicate that there is now something special about this day of the week. We can also look at the rest of Scripture to see that the church got the message. For instance we read in Acts 20:7, “On the first day of the week, when we were gathered together to break bread, Paul talked with them, intending to depart on the next day, and he prolonged his speech until midnight.” What are they doing here? It is obviously a worship service. Paul preaches and they gather for the purpose of “breaking bread;” that is to say to observe the sacrament of communion. 1 Cor. 16:2 also hits along these lines. Paul tells the Corinthians, “On the first day of every week, each of you is to put something aside and store it up, as he may prosper, so that there will be no collecting when I come.” Why did Paul designate the first day of the week? Well, what better time to take up an offering than when all the saints are gathered together for worship? Another revealing text is found in Rev. 1:10. There the apostle John says, “I was in the Spirit on the Lord's day, and I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet.” John indicates that though he was detained from having communion with God's people due to his exile, he still sought communion with God on the day that was designated as His. And what can that be but the day he instituted in commemoration of his having finished his work of redemption! These Scriptures provide us with the pattern of the early church. The first Christians understood that the Lord Jesus, by virtue of his resurrection, claimed a new day as the Christian sabbath. It was to be set apart from all the other days of the week as "the Lord's day", the day belonging to him and for the purpose of giving homage to him. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work; but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates. For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested in the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it. As a Christian matures, he eventually will come to a face off with the fourth commandment. It is the natural outcome of wanting to conform one's life to God's law. To that end he will seek to understand how the fourth commandment ought to be observed. But prior to that, he will most likely question the very legitimacy of the Sabbath command. There have been some who have taken an extreme view and deny the fact that there are still 10 commandments. However, to say that the fourth commandment has passed away and now there are only nine commandments is an obscure minority. Most would recognize the fact that the fourth commandment does continue to have force to some degree. It is simply a matter of what degree. A number of objections do typically rise when thinking through the Sabbath issue. The first of which usually goes something like this, "Hey, this Sabbath thing--isn't that an Old Testament thing? After all, it was the seventh day that the Lord told them to observe." It is true that the Jews did follow the pattern set by God. The Lord rested from the work of creation on the seventh day, and by doing so God set an example for subsequent generations. This then was codified in the Law of Moses given at Mt. Sinai. Our Seventh Day Adventist friends confess that nothing has changed and that "the law is the law." Therefore they continue the same practices required of the Jews, day and all. However, the majority of the Christian church no longer recognizes the seventh day as the day of rest and worship. This is because the fourth commandment is understood to have two parts to it, one that is perpetual and one that is temporary. Some might say that there is a ceremonial element that accompanies the moral principle the law addresses. The same can be said of the fifth commandment, which is "Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long upon the land the Lord your God is giving you." There is no doubt that the commandment itself is a part of the moral law and to be observed perpetually. At the same time, we should readily admit that there is a ceremonial dimension. The blessing attached to the command (that of long life) is primarily linked to the land of promise. It is true that there is a perpetual element to the blessing as well. God does typically grant length of life to the obedient. However, there is no doubt that the original blessing references that temporary piece of real estate known as Israel. When it comes to the fourth commandment then, we can make the same distinction. The ceremonial aspect of the commandment (i.e. it being designated as the seventh day), passes away due to the work of Christ. The resurrection of Christ is such a monumental event in redemptive history that it it initiates a seismic shift in the Christian calendar. To put it more colloquially: it is a game changer. From that point on, God's people no longer looked forward to their eternal rest (like the Jews looked forward to the seventh day sabbath). We now look back upon the work of Christ (like we look back upon Sunday), recognizing that it was early on that first morning that He claimed for us the blessings of the covenant. Today I taught sixth, seventh, and eighth graders the doctrine of predestination. Not an easy task by any means. During my prep work I searched the net, but didn't find many helps out there. So I thought I would share my lesson plan here. Perhaps someone in a similar position might be assisted.
Terms we use to talk about God’s having planned everything in advance. You may note that most of them are used in Scripture.
What does this doctrine mean for me? Did God cause the school shootings that happened in Connecticut? Depends on what you mean by "caused." Yes, he willed it to happen and permitted the evil man to shoot those children. But he did not cause it in that he made the man pull the trigger. We may not understand how it all plays out, but we do know this: 1. God can never cause anyone to sin because He is too holy. 2. Man does have a free will where he can make choices. So, therefore, we understand that this evil man did this terrible thing by his own free will yet all the time was doing all according to God's decree. Read Acts 2:22-23. The most heinous act of all time, the crucifixion of Jesus. These men were guilty for having killed him of their own volition. Yet, at the very same time, Jesus was delivered up according to the direct plan of God. Does God care about the “little things” of life? He sure does! Some people say that God is in charge of the big things, but doens't care about the little things. This isn't true. Every big thing is connected to many little things. They say that world history was changed by a grain of sand that was caught in Oliver Cromwell's system and a mosquito that bit Alexander the Great. Another way of looking at it might be like this... For lack of a nail, the shoe was lost. For lack of a shoe, the horse was lost. For lack of a horse, the commander was lost For lack of a commander, the battle was lost. If God has already planned everything that will happen, why should we pray? It is sometimes said that prayer doesn't change God, it changes us. That is true. Prayer is designed to be a "means of grace," that is, a way of growing in faith and grace. As we pray we express our dependence upon God and grow to be more dependent upon Him. We also need to remember that God has ordained our prayers. More than that, He has ordained that our prayers be used in the outworking of His plan! Somehow our prayers are "powerful and effective" and will effect the course of events in history! How does the Bible present the doctrine of predestination? Romans 8:28-30 tells us that it is a... ...a doctrine that provides comfort. It reminds us that God is working all for our good and nothing--not one thing!-- can make it otherwise. No matter what ill may come to us, God is using it to further his purpose in our lives. Ultimately, we are given the assurance that we will be glorified on the last great day and nothing can keep that from happening. Ephesians 1:5-6 tells us that it is a reason to... ...praise God. Because our salvation is so wrapped up in the Lord and not owing to our own initiative, God ought to be given all worship and adoration. 2 Timothy 2:10 that we should be encouraged to... ...evangelize! Some think that this doctrine would prevent our evangelism or stifle the desire for it. But that couldn't be further from the truth. Since we know there are some who are elect, we work diligently to bring the gospel to them! God has, after all, ordained preaching as the means of retrieving the lost! Acts 27 and Philippians 2:12-13 give us the encouragement to ... ...work hard! Paul knew the boat was ordained to survive, but that didn't keep them from laboring to keep it so. Paul also knows that it is "God who works in us to will and to do his good pleasure." And that serves as the motivation for us "working out our salvation." Far from giving us a lazy spirit or an attitude of a sluggard, the doctrine of predestination gets us moving! This doctrine also has to do with the eternal destiny of men Election means that God... ...God has chosen who will be saved. To elect someone means you chose them (like choosing teams for a game of kickball). Matthew 24:22-24; Eph. 1:4, 11; Rom. 8:30 Reprobation means that God... ...God determines who will go to hell. God chooses to save some, but he chooses to pass over others. Jude 4, Proverbs 16:4, 1 Peter 2:8 In all, the doctrine of God's decrees tells us that all of our life is in the hands of a sovereign God. As history unfolds, we see the workings of His hand and the wisdom of His glorious plan. The esteemed scholars of one of my previous classes. I've been asked by a number of homeschool parents if I was going to offer any classes for home schoolers this year. The answer is YES! I will offer one or two of the following, depending on interest:
If you would like to probe the ins and outs of each class to get a fuller idea, check the descriptions out at my site. FYI: the basic doctrine class can also be used as a writing class if you would like your child(ren) to have some practice at composition. I will not be teaching composition per se, but I can assign them such if you would like them to have those kinds of exercises (stories, essays, poems, etc). The classes will only be $10 per family. They will once a week for 12-14 weeks. Number's 1 & 2 above will be both Jr. & Sr. high levels (grades 6-8 & 9-12). The worldview class will be Sr. high only.
In Mark Twain’ classic work Huckleberry Finn, Twain has Huckleberry Finn refer to a perplexing Calvinist sermon he once heard on "preforeordestination." Twain meant to spoof the Calvinists and Bible’s doctrine of predestination. Nevertheless, he does point out well the confusion that surrounds the doctrine. Unlike Huck Finn though, the confusion surrounding the doctrine is not because it is involves obscure jargon or because it is beyond the comprehension of the average person. The confusion is mainly due to the failure to understand the Bible’s teaching on the matter. The concept of predestination is rather simple. When the Bible speaks of predestination, it has to do with God’s sovereignty over the events of the world, and his determining in advance what will take place. Isaiah 14:24 points this out. It says that God has a plan, and all the events of history unfold according to that plan. History then is nothing more than the unraveling of that which God decreed long before the world began. For instance, we may say that God predestined creation because before he created it, he had to decide to do it. In like fashion we can talk of every other event that has ever occurred. We admit that there is a mystery when it comes to the existence and manifestation of evil. To be sure, God cannot make anyone sin. To do so would go against his nature. Nevertheless, evil is encapsulated in his ordination of all things. Even though he does not effect sin, he does somehow render it certain. As a result, Peter in his Pentecost sermon could say, “This Jesus, delivered up according to the definite plan and foreknowledge of God, you crucified and killed by the hands of lawless men.” (Acts 2:23) It is a mystery indeed, but one that leads to stand in awe of His infinite greatness. While the doctrine of predestination does involve the foreordination of general events in creation, the Bible’s focus is much more narrowly defined. Predestination, Biblically speaking, deals with God’s work of redemption. Specifically stated, predestination deals with God determining beforehand those he will save (Election) and those he will damn (Reprobation). While all Christians affirm the fact that election (or predestination) is taught in Scripture, a question arises as to the basis of election. Some, who are called Arminians, argue that God elects on the basis of foreseen faith. They would say that at the beginning of time God looked down the halls of history and chose all who, despite being sinners, would exercise faith in Christ. Others, called Calvinists, argue that God elects not on the basis of anything in man, but on the basis of His own good pleasure. These say that man, being dead in his trespasses and sins, is not in himself able to exercise faith in Christ. Therefore, God must not only determine who will be saved, but also give the power to believe to those individuals. When one examines the Scriptural data one may see clearly that the latter of these views is confirmed. Scripture speaks of man as “dead in his trespasses and sins” (Eph. 2:1) and unable to come to Christ unless the Father draw him (Jn. 6:44). Due to his rebellious spirit he is unable in and of himself to exercise faith (Jer. 17:9). Therefore God must graciously give him a new heart so that he may desire Christ (Ezk. 36:26). The Scripture also speaks of Christ laying down his life for those he particularly owns (Jn. 10:15). (See also Deut. 7:6-8; Matt. 22:14; Rom.8:28; 11:5) Perhaps the classic text on election is Romans 9:15-16. Paul begins by quoting God’s words from the Old Testament, “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.” He then concludes, “So then it depends not on human will or exertion, but on God, who has mercy." The Arminian position must be rejected on the basis of this Scripture because it espouses human will and exertion. If God elects on the basis of man’s ability to exercise faith, then God no longer has a choice in salvation. He is obligated to show this mercy to this person because they have been the active agent in believing. On the other hand, the Calvinist says that God is by no means obligated so show mercy to anyone. His choice to save comes purely from His good will and desire to show compassion. If then some are chosen to salvation, it is evident that some are not. To determine to save some, necessarily implies he determined not to save others. As Jude 4 says, some are “destined for condemnation.” This teaching, which is also called reprobation, may be found in many other Scriptures (Matt 11:25-26; Rom. 9:13-23; 11:7; I Pet. 2:8, to name a few). Though the brevity of this piece prohibits the possibility of considering any objections to the doctrine of predestination and the comfort that it affords, one can at least see that is a simple doctrine. Most of all, one can see that it is a doctrine rooted in Holy Scripture, and therefore, deserves our reverent exploration and acceptance. Question: How is the word made effectual to salvation? Answer: The Spirit of God maketh the reading, but especially the preaching of the word, an effectual means of convincing and converting sinners, and of building them up in holiness and comfort through faith unto salvation. —The Westminster Shorter Catechism When I first started blogging, I devoted a good deal of the space to the amazing ways that the Word worked to convert people. My favorite story is still that of Jonah's reluctant preaching in the city of Nineveh. It is likely that he didn't even carry out his whole preaching campaign, but quit early. Nevertheless, the Spirit caused the the word to spread throughout the whole city. I have always loved the power of God working through His word. That's why I love this question and answer in the shorter catechism. I love how it captures the New Testament's emphasis on preaching too. Paul didn't just encourage Timothy to read the Scriptures, he charged him to "preach the Word." The Ethiopian in Acts 8 diligently read the Scriptures, but he didn't come to a full grasp of the truth of them until Philip began to expound the text. In reading the New Testament you can't help but see that God places a special blessing upon the preaching of His Word. Unfortunately, in our day, acclaim is given more to an individual's personal and private reading of Scripture as the main means of increasing personal piety. This isn't the way it should be. While we should love personal and private reading of Scripture, we should put a higher priority on the public proclamation of the word by a gospel minister. “It is worth while to be a Shorter Catechism boy. They grow up to be men. And better than that, they grow up to be men of God.” These were the word of famed Princeton theologian B.B. Warfield. We might also say that truer words have never been spoken.
For over 350 years the Westminster Shorter Catechism has been used to train children (and parents!) in the truths of the Scripture. This teaching tool has helped to ensconce many souls in the historic doctrines of the faith. For this reason I want to introduce you to the Shorter Catechism (SC) and, Lord willing, give you some reasons why you might consider adding it to your child’s daily curriculum. Since some of you might not be familiar with it, let’s begin by giving you a quick summation of what it is. I. A quick synopsis of its make-up If you want a quick breakdown, I might put it like this: the SC an easy way to study and commit to memory the main doctrines of the faith. It contains a simple question and answer format that facilitates memorization.[1] For instance, the famous first question of the SC goes like this: Q. 1. What is the chief end of man? A. The chief end of man is to glorify God and enjoy him forever. So you see, it’s simple, it’s short, and it really packs a wallop! If you ask any average Joe on the street what his purpose in life was, most likely you’d get a blank stare. The same may be true for a lot of Christians! At best, the untrained Christian would say something like, “Praise God.” But, as the SC points out, that’s only half the answer. Life isn’t fulfilled until we actually enjoy God. Let me give you a few more examples. I particularly like question and answer number four because it packs so much into a brief statement. It deals with the greatest question of all time, and answers it in a simple, yet profound, manner. Q. 4. What is God? A. God is a Spirit, infinite, eternal, unchangeable, in his being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness and truth. It’s not just hard core theology though. The SC deals with some of the most practical aspects of the Christian faith. For instance, in the second section it details in systematic fashion the meaning of each of the 10 commandments. So if you ever wondered what is encapsulated in the third commandment, you got a good start in the catechism: Q. 54. What is required in the third commandment? A. The third commandment requires the holy and reverent use of God’s names, titles, attributes, ordinances, Word and works. Q. 55. What is forbidden in the third commandment? A. The third commandment forbids all profaning or abusing of anything whereby God makes himself known. The third and final section of the catechism deals with prayer. It summarizes the meaning of each line in the Lord’s Prayer, and provides you with a wonderful way to make the most of your prayer life. Q. 101. What do we pray for in the second petition? A. In the second petition, which is, “Thy kingdom come,” we pray that Satan’s kingdom may be destroyed; and that the kingdom of grace may be advanced, ourselves and others brought into it, and kept in it; and that the kingdom of glory may be hastened. Perhaps the greatest attribute of the SC though is that it is flush with Scripture. Each Q. and A. typically has several proof texts that accompany it. So when one studies the catechism, what they are really doing is studying the Bible and asking, “What does the Bible say about this subject?” In sum, the SC is a tool that help us (and most especially our children) understand the main doctrines of Christianity. Or, to put it another way, the SC provides you with those essential tenets necessary for a robust and distinctly Christian worldview. Now that I’ve introduced you to the essence of the catechism, let me give you a brief synopsis of its history. II. A quick look at its history Life in Europe during the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries was a little crazy, to say the least. The Catholic church had over time developed a number of problems, both doctrinally and ethically. In the 1500’s some men who wished to reform the church started to rise up. This didn’t sit well with the Catholics, and a long battle ensued between the two. But in 1643 the Parliament in England called for an assembly of divines (or pastors) to help promote the reformation of the Church of England. These men created a number of documents, including the SC. Westminster Assembly created this document because they desired a tool parents could use as they trained their children. The land had been ravaged with doctrinal errors, and they knew that the best way to preserve the faith was to commit it to the children. As a matter of fact, the assembly stated in another doc how important it was to teach children at home. The church said that parents who failed to teach their children at home ought to be excommunicated! It probably sounds rather stringent to us today. Rarely do we see any teaching going on at home in our contemporary context. But you can understand the assembly’s mindset: If parents were not training their own kids, they were guilty of nothing less than paganizing their children (even if they were faithful in bringing them to church each week!). Persecution in England drove many Christians to America. When they came, they brought their shorter catechism and it became a stable of American life. It was so widely acclaimed that it was part of the first text book printed in America, The New England Primmer (1690). The founding fathers of America were raised on the Primmer. As such, it became one of the primary documents that shaped their minds for freedom. It is something to note that in 1900 The New England Primmer started to be laid aside. The Dick and Jane books came along and took its place as the primary reader. It has often been noted that this was a crucial turning point for America as Dick and Jane is a book that is purged, not only of real intelligence, but of Scriptural substance! Yet the Primmer was the life shaping document for freedom minded people in the colonies. Political revisionists will tell us that the formative books of America were books by John Locke, Blackstone, and various pagan authors. They will repeatedly fail to mention the Primmer (and the SC within it) as a key component of equal, if not greater, weight. Perhaps by now you are starting to note that the catechism has some real merit. But let me highlight for you something of its value. III. A quick look at is value I do want to encourage you to use the catechism, at least to some degree, in your children’s education. For it helps us to do three things. It helps us define, defend and declare the belief we as Christians hold. The catechism is invaluable merely for the fact that it helps us define our faith. From the very beginning it was designed to help young people understand what a Christians is to believe. You might even say that it sets out in 107 questions and answers the whole counsel of God. This is what we need too. After all, Jesus told us that we are to “make disciples, teaching them all that I have commanded you.” The easiest way to communicate the “all I have commanded” is by catechizing because the whole bible is summarized for you in just a handful of Q & A’s. What’s more is that today’s youth are submerged in a secular and humanistic culture. Studies show that most kids who go off to college don’t stay with the church. The few who do likely do not know the slightest about major aspects of the faith, such as the Trinity, Creation, or any of the 10 commandments. If our kids are steeped in the SC though, they will have a sound foundation for knowing the particulars of our faith. On a side, let me give you a personal testimony here. I became a Christian when I was about 13. But it wasn’t until college that I actually started learning actual doctrine. When I entered seminary, I was still fairly ignorant. When my daughter came along, we were very dutiful to start her in the catechism. I now say that she knows more about the Bible at 7 than I did at 27. All that is to say that the catechism will help you immensely when it comes to knowing the truth of Scripture.. But not only does it help us define our faith, it helps us defend our faith. The church has always been subject to heresies. It’s no less true today. Satan and his minions are seeking to storm the fortress of Christ on a daily basis. And it is important that we be able to stand our ground. This is especially true for our kids. Our job is to prepare them for life on their own. Education is nothing more than training our kids for life. But will our kids be able to defend themselves when they come out from under our wings? If they have been grounded in the SC, they will. Certainly I’m not saying that if your kids memorize the SC they will automatically become Christians. I am saying that it can’t hurt them. And if they learn it, they will be able to spot imposters and errors a whole lot easier. A couple of years ago the book, The Shack, hit the shelves and was an overnight success. People hailed it as one of the best Christian books of all time. The only problem was that it contained massive theological errors. I’m not just talking about baptism or mid-tribulation rapture type errors. Big ones, such as the doctrine of atonement and the exclusivity of Christ for salvation. Sadly, many were led astray. We don’t want that to happen with our children. Moreover, even in the more particular aspects of the faith we want them to be able to discern right from wrong. If they are firmly planted in the SC, they’ll be less apt to be deceived. Last of all, let me just say that the catechism helps us deepen our faith. As you become more aquainted with the truths of the SC, you will find yourself becoming more enthralled with God. As your children grapple with the truths contained in the SC, you will find them becoming more and more devoted to the God to whom the SC points. I started out with the quote from B.B. Warfield: “It is worth while to be a Shorter Catechism boy. They grow up to be men. And better than that, they grow up to be men of God.” That’s so true. The SC digs deep into theology, but it ends up deepening your faith. I don’t want to sugar coat it. It’s not altogether easy. After this I don’t want you to have some romantic notion that studying the catechism with your children will be all joy and without difficulty. It most certainly will have some rough going. But the time you spend grappling with the doctrines and talking about them with your children will pay off immensely. You will be building spiritual muscles…muscles that (you’ll notice) others in your church won’t have. Let me conclude with this to show just how much impact the shorter can have. A general officer of the United States Army was in a great western city at a time of intense excitement and violent rioting. The streets were over-run daily by a dangerous crowd. One day he observed approaching him a man of singularly combined calmness and firmness of appearance, whose very demeanor inspired confidence. So impressed was he with his bearing amid the surrounding uproar that when he had passed he turned to look back at him, only to find that the stranger had done the same. On observing his turning the stranger at once came back to him, and touching his chest with his forefinger, demanded without preface: “What is the chief end of man?” On receiving the countersign, “Man’s chief end is to glorify God and to enjoy him forever” — “Ah!” said he, “I knew you were a Shorter Catechism boy by your looks!” “Why, that was just what I was thinking of you,” was the rejoinder.[2] Such is the “indelible mark” of the Shorter catechism. It makes one’s faith in God that strong. [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Shorter_Catechism [2] B. B. Warfield, "Is the Shorter Catechism Worth While?" in Selected Shorter Writings of Benjamin B. Warfield, Vol. 1, ed., John E. Meeter (Phillipsburg: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1980), pp. 383-84. |
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